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Sporobolus virginicus

(L.) Kunth (1829)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Monocots Order: Poales Family: Poaceae Genus: Sporobolus

‘aki [aki], ‘aki‘aki, ‘aki‘aki [akiaki], mahiki, māhikihiki [mahikihiki], mānienie [manienie], mānienie ‘aki‘aki [manienie akiaki], mānienie māhikihiki, mānienie maoli [manienie maoli], seashore rushgrass

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Vigorous perennials, spreading by extensive stiff, scaly rhizomes.

Stems: Culms erect, 0.5-5(-9) dm long, freely branching, hollow, glabrous.

Roots: Roots fibrous.

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate. Blades harsh, usually involute, 3-14 cm long, 2-5 mm wide. Apex acute. Upper surfaces ridged, sometimes with scattered papillose hairs. Veins parallel. Sheaths overlapping, glabrous except for the pilose apex and upper margins, hairs conspicuous, up to 3 mm long; ligule membranous, 0.2-0.4 mm long, minutely, densely ciliate. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Panicles terminal, dense, cylindrical, 2-9 cm long, 0.3-1 cm in diameter, the branches short, erect, densely flowered to base; spikelets grayish or yellowish brown, glossy appressed to the branches, laterally compressed, 2-3.3 mm long; first glume lanceolate, 1.7-2.4 mm long, 1-nerved, apex acuminate, second glume ovate, 2-3.1 mm long, 1-nerved, apex acuminate. Lemmas ovate, 1.9-2.5 mm long, l-nerved; palea as long as lemma, often splitting between the 2 nerves.

Fruit: Fruit obovoid; 0.9-1.2 mm long; ovary wall gelatinizing but thin.

Ploidy: 2n = 18; 20; 30; 40

Habitat: Common on coastal dunes and other coastal sites; from just above the high-tide mark.

Elevation Range: 0–15 m.

Historical Distribution

Synonyms (46)

Agrostis affinis Schult. (1824)
Agrostis barbata Pers. (1805)
Agrostis congener Schumach. (1827)
Agrostis distichophylla Roem. & Schult. (1817)
Agrostis dura Willd. ex Steud. (1840)
Agrostis juncea Lam. (1783)
Agrostis littoralis With. (1791)
Agrostis pungens Muhl. (1817)
Agrostis tremula Willd. (1797)
Agrostis virginica L. (1753)
Aira sabuletorum Steud. (1840)
Aira sabulonum Labill. (1824)
Aira sabulonum var. uniflora Balansa (1872)
Aira subulorum D.Dietr. (1839)
Crypsis maritima Munro ex MacOwan (1871)
Crypsis virginica (L.) Nutt. (1818)
Podosemum virginicum (L.) Link (1827)
Sporobolus benthamii var. robustus Domin (1915)
Sporobolus confertus J.A.Schmidt (1852)
Sporobolus geniculatus (Nees ex Steud.) Nees ex Aitch. (1869)
Sporobolus humilis subsp. minor Veldkamp (1991)
Sporobolus littoralis (Lam.) Kunth (1829)
Sporobolus matrella Nees (1841)
Sporobolus minutus subsp. confertus (J.A.Schmidt) Lobin, N.Kilian & Leyens (1995)
Sporobolus muhlenbergii Kunth (1829)
Sporobolus sundaicus Ohwi (1947)
Sporobolus tremulus (Trin.) Kunth (1829)
Sporobolus virginicus subsp. littoralis (Lam.) Borhidi & O.Muñiz (1971)
Sporobolus virginicus var. littoralis (Lam.) Hitchc. (1937)
Sporobolus virginicus var. major Franch. (1895)
Sporobolus virginicus var. minor B.K.Simon (1984)
Sporobolus virginicus var. pallidus Benth. (1878)
Sporobolus virginicus var. phleoides Hillebr. (1888)
Vilfa barbata P.Beauv. (1812)
Vilfa conferta (J.A.Schmidt) Steud. (1854)
Vilfa dura Trin. (1840)
Vilfa geniculata Nees ex Steud. (1854)
Vilfa intermedia Trin. (1824)
Vilfa littoralis (Lam.) P.Beauv. (1812)
Vilfa luxurians Steud. (1857)
Vilfa matrella Nees (1829)
Vilfa muhlenbergii Steud. (1841)
Vilfa murina Sieber ex Steud. (1854)
Vilfa tremula Trin. (1824)
Vilfa virginica (L.) P.Beauv. (1812)
Zoysia tremula B.D.Jacks. (1895)

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Indigenous

Island Status

Ni'ihau(Incl. Lehua) Indigenous
Kuaihelani (Midway Atoll) Indigenous
Kaua'i Indigenous
O'ahu Indigenous
Molokai Indigenous
Kamole(Laysan Island) Indigenous
Lana'i Indigenous
Kaho'olawe Indigenous
Maui Indigenous
Hawai'i Indigenous

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Révis. Gramin. 1: 67 (1829)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:1597 (Mi, La, Ni, K, O, Mo, L, M, Ka, H); Herbst & Clayton 1998:35/Faccenda, Yorkston & Morden 2024:50 (KEY); Starr & Starr 2013b (Note: La population reintroduced from James Campbell NWR, O after natural population destroyed by rabbits in early 1900s); Starr & Starr 2015b (Note: Mi population reintroduced from James Campbell NWR, O in 2011, the natural population was last seen in 1931)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Sporobolus virginicus USDA Plant Materials Center; grass and legume groundcover trial; initial testing field 8A; row 5; plot 14; sprigs collected from Papohaku Beach; Molokai Preserved_Specimen Upright; open; rhizomatous grass; 12-15 tall. Leaves hirsute above; smooth below. Heavy seed production. Used as groundcover. No disease or insect problems noted. Evans, M. 105 Molokai BISH 1990-07-12
2 Sporobolus virginicus Globe Wireless Station & 3 miles west to Kaena Point, Kaena In dry, sandy beach. Preserved_Specimen Townsend, M.M. Oahu BISH 1940-10-20
3 Sporobolus virginicus Ewa Beach, lighthouse Preserved_Specimen Woolford, H.A. Oahu BISH 1956-12-16
4 Sporobolus virginicus East Maui, Makawao District, Kaunauhane AHU Preserved_Specimen Medeiros, A.C. 588 Maui BISH 1983-11-20
5 Sporobolus virginicus Polihale Beach dune area Preserved_Specimen Stoloniferous grass. Corn, C. Kauai BISH 1977-09-24
6 Sporobolus virginicus Hoolehua Plant Materials Center, USDA/Natural Resources Conservation Service. Preserved_Specimen Cultivated plant. Origin: Moomomi, Molokai. Duvauchelle, D. Molokai BISH 2009-07-09
7 Sporobolus virginicus Keehi Lagoon, Mokauea Island Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 6095 Oahu BISH 1978-04-30
8 Sporobolus virginicus Kaohikaipu, Oahu Preserved_Specimen Common. What appeard to be this grass was found over much of the island. Starr, F. 5022413 Oahu BISH 2005-02-24
9 Sporobolus virginicus Waimea Bay Preserved_Specimen Sparse (Not on sheet) BISH 1922-08-06
10 Sporobolus virginicus Lanikai, Mokulua (North Islet) Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 6001 Oahu BISH 1978-02-07
11 Sporobolus virginicus Kanaele Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 490 Lanai BISH 1930-01-14
12 Sporobolus virginicus Kahului, Kanaha Pond Preserved_Specimen Stemmermann, R.L. 6745 Maui BISH 1981-03-21
13 Sporobolus virginicus Wailuku Preserved_Specimen Faurie, A. 1319 Maui BISH 1909-08-01
14 Sporobolus virginicus Kailua Bay, Popoia Island Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 6013 Oahu BISH 1978-02-07
15 Sporobolus virginicus Paomai Coast Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 88 Lanai BISH 1913-09-13
16 Sporobolus virginicus Paomai Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. Lanai BISH 1913-09-13
17 Sporobolus virginicus Mahaulepue, Paoo Point Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 2210 Kauai BISH 1971-10-07
18 Sporobolus virginicus Ewa Beach Preserved_Specimen Bennett, T. 179 Oahu BISH 1985-02-24
19 Sporobolus virginicus Paomai Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 268 Lanai BISH 1913-09-13
20 Sporobolus virginicus Makapuu Point; Kaohikaipu Islet Preserved_Specimen Lamoureux, C.H. 4081 Oahu BISH 1967-08-10
21 Sporobolus virginicus On the beach at Punaluu Preserved_Specimen Whitney, L.D. 4194 Oahu BISH 1936-05-30
22 Sporobolus virginicus Keehi Lagoon, Mokauea Island Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 6050 Oahu BISH 1978-04-30
23 Sporobolus virginicus 1st islet east of Kawela Bay Preserved_Specimen Neal, M.C. Oahu BISH 1938-08-06
24 Sporobolus virginicus Ewa Beach Preserved_Specimen Funk, E.J. 179 Oahu BISH 1985-02-24
25 Sporobolus virginicus Goat Island Preserved_Specimen Neal, M.C. Oahu BISH 1936-07-26
26 Sporobolus virginicus Moku Manu (Southwest Island) Preserved_Specimen Rogers, D.P. Oahu BISH 1947-01-10
27 Sporobolus virginicus Lanikai Preserved_Specimen Neal, M.C. Oahu BISH 1933-01-01
28 Sporobolus virginicus Ponds southern end Preserved_Specimen Stokes, J.F.G. Niihau BISH 1912-01-01
29 Sporobolus virginicus Laysan Preserved_Specimen Schauinsland, H.H. Laysan Island BISH 1896-01-01
30 Sporobolus virginicus Islets off Malaekahana-Mokuauia Preserved_Specimen Neal, M.C. Oahu BISH 1938-06-19
31 Sporobolus virginicus Mokulua islets, off Lanikai Preserved_Specimen Neal, M.C. Oahu BISH 1936-06-14
32 Sporobolus virginicus Waimanalo Preserved_Specimen Livermore, K. Oahu BISH 1933-06-01
33 Sporobolus virginicus Near Kealia Pond National Wildlife Refuge, pond outlet on coast, about mile marker 2, N. Kihei Rd. Preserved_Specimen Starr, F. Maui BISH 1999-08-31
34 Sporobolus virginicus Niihau Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. Niihau BISH 1939-11-02
35 Sporobolus virginicus Honolulu; H. S. P. A. Experiment station Preserved_Specimen Thurston, R.S. Oahu BISH 1932-09-06
36 Sporobolus virginicus Punaluu beach Preserved_Specimen Whitney, L.D. Oahu BISH 1936-05-30
37 Sporobolus virginicus Mokulua islets, off Lanikai Preserved_Specimen Neal, M.C. Oahu BISH 1936-06-14
38 Sporobolus virginicus Koko Head, Sandy Beach Preserved_Specimen Christophersen, E. Oahu BISH 1924-11-16
39 Sporobolus virginicus Kaunakakai Preserved_Specimen Smith, J.G. Molokai BISH 1902-09-06
40 Sporobolus virginicus Kahuku, near beach Preserved_Specimen Bishop, B. Oahu BISH 1963-06-02
41 Sporobolus virginicus Islets off Malaekahana-Mokuauia Preserved_Specimen Neal, M.C. Oahu BISH 1938-06-19
42 Sporobolus virginicus Ponds southern end Preserved_Specimen Stokes, J.F.G. Niihau BISH 1912-01-01
43 Sporobolus virginicus Moku Manu, larger islet or southwest islet Preserved_Specimen Neal, M.C. Oahu BISH 1937-06-18
44 Sporobolus virginicus Mokulua islets, off Lanikai Preserved_Specimen Neal, M.C. Oahu BISH 1936-06-14
45 Sporobolus virginicus Mokulua islets, off Lanikai Preserved_Specimen Neal, M.C. Oahu BISH 1936-06-14
46 Sporobolus virginicus Kahuku Preserved_Specimen Cooke, C.M. Oahu BISH 1916-08-01
47 Sporobolus virginicus Kahuku Point, 1 mile east along Marconi Road Preserved_Specimen Barta, J. Oahu BISH 1984-06-01
48 Sporobolus virginicus Kailua, Popoia Island Preserved_Specimen Stokes, J.F.G. Oahu BISH
49 Sporobolus virginicus Islets off Malaekahana-Mokuauia Preserved_Specimen Neal, M.C. Oahu BISH 1938-06-19
50 Sporobolus virginicus Lahaina Preserved_Specimen Hillebrand, W.B. Maui BISH
51 Sporobolus virginicus Kahuku Point, 1 mile east along Marconi Road Preserved_Specimen Barta, J. Oahu BISH 1984-06-01
52 Sporobolus virginicus Kahuku Point, 1 mile east along Marconi Road Preserved_Specimen Barta, J. Oahu BISH 1984-06-01
53 Sporobolus virginicus unknown Preserved_Specimen Faurie, A. 1320 BISH 1909-01-01
54 Sporobolus virginicus Kahuku Point, 1 mile east along Marconi Road Preserved_Specimen Barta, J. Oahu BISH 1984-06-01
55 Sporobolus virginicus Kaalualu Bay near South Point In marshy areas in association with Sesuvium & Cyperus laevigatus. Preserved_Specimen Whistler, W.A. 83 Hawaii BISH 1972-04-06
56 Sporobolus virginicus Kaluakoi District, Kamakaipo Beach. Preserved_Specimen Rhizomatous grass. Herbst, D.R. 5731 Molokai BISH 1976-03-09
57 Sporobolus virginicus Lihue District, land of Wailua, by Golf Course Back of beach. Preserved_Specimen Rhizomatous grass. Herbst, D.R. 5667 Kauai BISH 1976-02-24
58 Sporobolus virginicus Mahaulepu. E end at edge of pasture On parts of the upper slopes near pasture edges. Preserved_Specimen Grass forming domminat cover. Trauernicht, C. 252 Kauai BISH 2007-12-04
59 Sporobolus virginicus Waimanalo beach Sparse cover in coral sand. Preserved_Specimen 1/8 m high. Lee, H.A. 315 Oahu BISH 1927-06-05
60 Sporobolus virginicus Kaneohe, Moku Manu (S islet), near landing place Thin guano soil on bare rock. Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. 14086 Oahu BISH 1937-06-18
61 Sporobolus virginicus Maloekahana Sandy beaches. Preserved_Specimen Shrub 15 cm x 5 cm. Shinohara, B. Oahu BISH 1946-12-01
62 Sporobolus virginicus Kalanihale, 1/8 mile S of Puukole Point In stabilized dunes above beach, common on beach. Preserved_Specimen Rhizomes running St.John, H. 22710 Niihau BISH 1947-08-11
63 Sporobolus virginicus At beach of Waikiki Growing from the sand Preserved_Specimen This is a valuable sand binding grass. Rock 4857 Oahu BISH 1909-08-29
64 Sporobolus virginicus Mokapuu Peninsula On dunes. Preserved_Specimen Wilbur, R.L. 645 Oahu BISH 1948-04-16
65 Sporobolus virginicus Moomomi Sand dunes. Preserved_Specimen Rhizomes deep in sand. One of first plants binding sand. Fosberg, F.R. 13426 Molokai BISH 1936-12-26
66 Sporobolus virginicus Barking Sands. Pacific Missile Range Facility, U. S. Navy. Between Kokole Point & base housing In Dodonaea shrubland on low, coastal sand dunes. Preserved_Specimen Flynn, T.W. 2695 Kauai BISH 1988-01-15
67 Sporobolus virginicus Kailua, Mokulua Is., S islet Sandy lower slopes. Preserved_Specimen From underground rhizomes. Fosberg, F.R. 12901 Oahu BISH 1936-02-16
68 Sporobolus virginicus Anaehoomalu, S side of bay S end of Prosopis grove; coastal vegetation; in sand; with Scaevola sericea, Capparis sandwichiana, Prosopis pallida, Cocos nucifera Preserved_Specimen Price, J.P. 59 Hawaii BISH 2001-07-22
69 Sporobolus virginicus Ewa Beach In sand on edge of beach. Preserved_Specimen Erect grass 30+ cm high. Bryan Jr., E.H. 1030 Oahu BISH 1935-10-20
70 Sporobolus virginicus Kailua, Kailua Beach At top of beach. Preserved_Specimen Forming dense turf. Fosberg, F.R. 29718 Oahu BISH 1948-03-24
71 Sporobolus virginicus Kahuku Point Shore silt soil Preserved_Specimen Green, J.M. 4 Oahu BISH 1967-12-21
72 Sporobolus virginicus Kailua, Mokulua Is., north islet Sand at top of beach. Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. 12918 Oahu BISH 1936-02-16
73 Sporobolus virginicus Near Honuaula Point Ubiquitous just back of beach. Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 28575 Lanai BISH 1963-08-09
74 Sporobolus virginicus Moomomi, Kaluakoi Dominant grass on flats & dunes. Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 19961 Molokai BISH 1939-01-03
75 Sporobolus virginicus Hauula In sand above beach. Preserved_Specimen Hume, E.P. 236 Oahu BISH 1931-10-15
76 Sporobolus virginicus Lihue District; Lydgate Park, just west of parking area Lawn area. Preserved_Specimen Spreading grass by stolons? Stems erect. lvs stiff, ascending, glaucous blue-green. Flynn, T.W. 5918 Kauai BISH 1995-12-16
77 Sporobolus virginicus Kaloko. Ahupuaa of Waimanalo, Southern Koolau mountains Growing in sand and coral along coast in sand dunes. Growing with Scaevola taccada, Lycium sandwicense, Heliotropium crassavicum, Heliotropium anomalum, Panicum fauriei, Sida spinosa, Cenchrus ciliaris, Dactyloctenium aegyptium, and others. Preserved_Specimen Thomas, M.K. 812 Oahu BISH 2024-10-17
78 Sporobolus virginicus Kaiolohia Bay, beach, N Lanai Forming large mats in strand vegetation. Preserved_Specimen Perennial w/creeping rhizomes; to 30 cm tall. Sheaths glabrous, overlapping. Leaf blades 4 cm x 3 mm; glabrous below, pilose above. Spikes 8 cm long. Spence, G. 305 Lanai BISH 1973-10-18
79 Sporobolus virginicus Central Maui, southern coast of isthmus, Kealia Pond National Wildlife Refuge. Along Mokulele Hwy access road to refuge main office Forming dense patches roadside, fronting Pluchea indica shrubland. Common grass in refuge. Fertile. Preserved_Specimen Imada, C. 9815 Maui BISH 1998-10-06
80 Sporobolus virginicus Near Ewa Coral Plain On beach Preserved_Specimen Whitney, L.D. 4039 Oahu BISH 1936-01-26
81 Sporobolus virginicus Kailua, Popoia Island Flat, rocky surface. Preserved_Specimen Mat forming. Fosberg, F.R. 8888 Oahu BISH 1932-11-08
82 Sporobolus virginicus Kailua Beach Park, Kalapawai Entrance, Kailua, Oahu, Hawaii Growing up on the sand on the left hand side of the beach. Preserved_Specimen Stiff upright to rambleing grass, inflorescence, single densely packed spike. Crago, L.M. 2005130 Oahu BISH 2005-03-29
83 Sporobolus virginicus South Point, along shore 1 mile from old mil camp foundation (toward green beach). Common along sandy shore from old military camp to green (olivine) beach. Hot, dry, exposed. Assoc w/ Portulaca, Sida, Cynodon, Dactyloctenium aegyptium. Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 209 Hawaii BISH 1966-08-05
84 Sporobolus virginicus Kanaha Pond, Kahului, Maui, Hawaii Growing along salt flat, up on to dunes. Preserved_Specimen Coarse grass, inflorescences compact spikes. Crago, L.M. 2005176 Maui BISH 2005-08-09
85 Sporobolus virginicus Moomomi, in the proposed mining tract (parcel 8) Exposed side of dune, common in shifting sand as well as the more compacted drift in the strand zone. Preserved_Specimen Regenerates asexually by subsurface runners. Takeuchi, W.N. 2964 Molokai BISH 1986-10-30
86 Sporobolus virginicus Barbers Point, by Coast Guard Lighthouse In sand, back of beach. Preserved_Specimen Perennial grass with branching, spreading rhizomes, short, erect culms. Herbst, D.R. 670 Oahu BISH 1967-10-23
87 Sporobolus virginicus Kailua, near beach Forming turf on sand. Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 9949 Oahu BISH 1929-10-29
88 Sporobolus virginicus Waianae Mountains; Keaau (Keeau ?) Valley Dominant sand-binding plant on small dunes and flats back of beach. Preserved_Specimen Tufts erect, leaves stiff, rhizomes deeply buried. Fosberg, F.R. 27142 Oahu BISH 1946-10-27
89 Sporobolus virginicus Kailua, Kailua Beach In sand at top of beach. Preserved_Specimen Mat forming. Fosberg, F.R. 12363 Oahu BISH 1935-11-20
90 Sporobolus virginicus West Maui, Maalaea, just S of Haycraft Park, on sand dunes between ocean and wetlands. Coastal dune, sand. Associated vegetation: Lycium sandwicense, Batis maritima Preserved_Specimen Grass, wispy form, more slender & less vigorous growth than the robust form, more branced, less thick growth habit Starr, F. 23022101 Maui BISH 2023-02-21
91 Sporobolus virginicus Waimanalo Bay, Kaohikaipu Islet Thin soil over basalt rock. Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. 14068 Oahu BISH 1937-06-13
92 Sporobolus virginicus Moomomi Beach Sand dunes. Preserved_Specimen Creeping herb, subterranean stolon, erect culms, fairly stiff. Infl. dense spike. Davis, J. 69 Molokai BISH 1978-10-08
93 Sporobolus virginicus Kailua On beach. Preserved_Specimen Grass with creeping rhizome. Wilder, G.P. Oahu BISH 1930-11-11
94 Sporobolus virginicus Koloa District; Lawai Valley, Allerton Estate, Lawai Kai Along leading edge of vegatation along shoreline to the east of Lawai Bay bordering entrance road. Preserved_Specimen Common herb, Flynn, T.W. 5600 Kauai BISH 1994-08-15
95 Sporobolus virginicus Near Kealaikahiki Point On small points. Preserved_Specimen Bryan Jr., E.H. 739 Kahoolawe BISH 1931-02-18
96 Sporobolus virginicus James C. Campbell Wildlife Refuge 3% slope, sand soil. Shorelines in warm & temperate zones. Tropical coastal plants. Preserved_Specimen Wide creeping perennial. Blades stiff, sand-binding rush. Smith, M. 19 Oahu BISH 1986-04-08
97 Sporobolus virginicus West Moomomi beach Sand dunes. Preserved_Specimen Aidem, J. Molokai BISH 1972-02-17
98 Sporobolus virginicus Kalaupapa, Airport, start of white sand beach just N of Oceanview pavillion mixed native and non-native coastal strand Preserved_Specimen perennial grass Wysong, M.L. 869 Molokai BISH 2006-02-03
99 Sporobolus virginicus Kailua, near beach On and in sand just above high wave mark. Preserved_Specimen Lyon, H.L. Oahu BISH 1949-11-25
100 Sporobolus virginicus Kailua Beach Sand, close to upper shore line. Common Preserved_Specimen Grass ca. 20 cm high. Brown, F.B.H. 1316 Oahu BISH 1924-08-31
101 Sporobolus virginicus Kava Pond All around & in the shallow parts of pond. Preserved_Specimen Vigourous perennial forming dense stiff mat in the area. Only one sedge, Fimbristylis dichotoma, had managed to penetrate the grass mat. Funk, E.J. 110 Hawaii BISH 1990-04-23
102 Sporobolus virginicus Kaneohe Bay, Kapapa Islet Raised coral reef with shallow sandy soil Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 6133 Oahu BISH 1978-05-24
103 Sporobolus virginicus Laie, Mokuauai Island Dominant plant in coral sand. Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. 14172 Oahu BISH 1937-07-04
104 Sporobolus virginicus Honolulu; Kapiolani Park Sandy places near brackish water. Preserved_Specimen Crawling grass 10-12 inches high. Wilder, G.P. 59 Oahu BISH 1923-10-25
105 Sporobolus virginicus Sealife Park Beach, north of Makapuu Point On sandy dunes and between lava boulders, almost growing into the sea. Preserved_Specimen Stiff erect grass with long runners. Leaves light green. Spike light brown. van Royen, P. 10187 Oahu BISH 1967-09-04
106 Sporobolus virginicus Near Kawaihae In coral beach sand. Preserved_Specimen Bryan, L.W. Hawaii BISH 1964-03-29
107 Sporobolus virginicus Barbers Point Large colony on beach sand within slat spray zone Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 1704 Oahu BISH 1984-08-19
108 Sporobolus virginicus Kau District; Kaulani, Green Beach Basalt talus. Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 25388 Hawaii BISH 1954-12-21
109 Sporobolus virginicus Koolau Poko District; Mokapu Peninsula Marine Corps Base Hawaii, Kaneohe Bay, Pyramid Rock Beach the vegetation line. Preserved_Specimen Rhizamatous grass. Herbst, D.R. 9728 Oahu BISH 1995-12-05
110 Sporobolus virginicus Pohakupili Stream Growing at mouth of stream in sandy soil. Preserved_Specimen Oppenheimer, H.L. 120615 Molokai BISH 2006-12-08
111 Sporobolus virginicus Lihue, Coastal strand around Nukolii Beach Park. East Kauai naupaka kahakai (Scaevola) shrubland, Boerhavia repens, Scaevola taccada, Tournefortia argentea, Schinus terebinthifolius, Cynodon dactylon, Ipomoea pes-caprae, I. Imperati, Euphorbia serpens, Vigna luteola, Portulaca lutea, Sphagneticola... Preserved_Specimen Prostrate mats all over the low dunes throughout the area between the Scaevola taccada shrubs and makai of them down to the high water mark. Most plants in flower A.M. Williams 745 Kauai BISH 2022-09-23
112 Sporobolus virginicus Kailua Between sandy beach & vegetated shore, forming mats in sand. Preserved_Specimen Neal, M.C. Oahu BISH 1933-01-08
113 Sporobolus virginicus Kaunakakai Preserved_Specimen Creeping salt grass grows on all salty and sandy lands, seeds in dry season. Little growth during wet season Munro, G.C. 137 Molokai BISH 1904-01-01
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